Livro de Palavras 1-5

1- The – o, a, os, as

2- Of – de

3- And – e

4- To – para ; indica verbo no infinitivo;

5- In – em, no, na, nos , nas

When...? and How long...? For and Since

When = quando

How long = por quanto tempo

For = por

Since = desde

Ex: When did it start raining?

      It stated raining  an hour ago  /  at 1 o’clock.

Ex: I’ve been waiting for two hours.

      I’ve been waiting since 8 o’clock

For – not usually in negative sentences.

We do not use for + all… (all day / all my life)

Ex: How long is it since you last saw Joe?

       Quanto tempo faz desde que você viu Joe pela última vez?

  

Reference: English Grammar in use

Raymond Murphy

How long have you... ?

How long have you (been)... ?

We use present perfect to talk about something that began in the past and still continues now.

Compare the present and present perfect:

Ex: Any is in hospital

      She has been in hospital since Monday

Reference: English Grammar in use

Raymond Murphy

Modals

Present	Past	Meaning (significado)
Will	would
Shall	should	Deveria (sugestão)
May	might	Poderia (ter permissão)
Can	could	Poderia (ter habilidade, conseguir)
Must	must	Deveria (ter obrigação)

VERB TENSES – Conditional

Structure

 + would + v-infinitive

When you use

Things that I would like to do but I can’t or I’m not sure if I can

 Examples

I would like to go with you

VERB TENSES – Future using going to

Structure

 + be + going to

When you use

Previous decision

 Examples

I am going to travel tonight

VERB TENSES – Future using Present Continuous

Structure

 + be + v-ing

When you use

Arrangements for the future

 Examples

I’m traveling to Araras tomorrow